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<title>珍小教育博客</title>
<link>/blog/</link>
<description>珍小教育博客,教育科研之窗,珍小易网,博客,免费博客申请</description>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[表扬的威力]]></title>
<link>/blog/user1/xiexiaomei/archives/2008/3730.html</link>
<author>xiexiaomei</author>
<pubDate>2008-10-15 20:45:39</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P><FONT size=3>　　今天的语文课上，我教学的是第１２课＜＜伊索寓言＞＞，里面有三则寓言故事，它们诙谐幽默，生动有趣，深受孩子们的喜欢．</FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=3>　　在指读课文时，我为了更好的激发学生朗读的欲望，提高朗读的水平，我就要求他们＂选择自己最喜欢的一个寓言或者选择自己读得最好的一个寓言先练一练，呆会展示一下自己的朗读．＂话音刚落，各个同学大声地朗读起来，尤其是徐顺杰（随班就读生），平时对朗读不是很热情，但是今天却认真极了，读了一遍又一遍，反反复复，声音是那么响亮．</FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=3>　　一读完，他就把小手举了起来，他也想展示自己，选择的是他认为自己读得最好的一篇＜＜牧童和狼＞＞．凡是和他接触过的人都知道，这个孩子说话含糊不清，而且也不流利．但是，他今天的朗读真的是让我和同学们刮目相看，口齿清楚，朗读流利，每个字都是读得那么标准，没有多一个字，没有少一个字，没有读错一个字．当他读完以后，同学们不约而同地响起了热烈的掌声，只见他很激动，激动得拼命掩饰内心的喜悦，想笑又不敢笑，小嘴巴努来努去，一下子不知所措．</FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=3>　　这孩子，也不知道是同学们突如其来的掌声把他吓坏了，还是他太开心有点激动过头了，原本好端端的身体居然头晕了，直冒虚汗，趴在桌子上一点力气也没有，中饭也吃不下．呵呵，看来表扬的威力还真不小啊．</FONT></P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[用两步计算解决实际问题的评课]]></title>
<link>/blog/user1/moli/archives/2008/3729.html</link>
<author>moli</author>
<pubDate>2008-10-15 19:54:37</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">优点：</SPAN></I></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 19.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">周老师很注重数量关系的分析讲解。课始的提出一部计算的问题并解答，就要求学生说说数量关系。如：笔记本的价钱乘</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">倍得到文具盒的价钱等。而且周老师还渗透了两种思考方法，一是从条件想起，就如根据条件提问并说出数量关系，二是从问题想起，就是复习中的“根据问题想条件”要求男生和女生一共多少人，应该用男生人数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">+</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">女生人数等。在现在的国标本新教材中，没有给出具体的数量关系式。不少老师教学以后，可能都会发现，学生分析能力还是很不够的。所以周老师的做法会给以后的分析打下坚实的基础。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 19.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">注重学生问题意识的培养。在教学中，教师着力培养学生“学会问，善于问”的能力。从课始的复习到新授及练习，都设计了让学生来提出问题并解决问题的过程。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">激起他们发现问题、提出问题的兴趣和欲望，进而促使学生根据已有信息和提出的数学问题去探究解决问题的方法，从而使学生能以一种数学的眼光去看待生活，学会用数学去解决生活中的实际问题。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 19.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">注重学生线段图的学习。这是线段图第一次在教学中正式出现，在认知上是由直观具体的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">向较为抽象的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">线段</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的过渡，而这又是帮助理解数量关系，解决问题的一种有效手段。因此，在设计教学时，周老师将重点放在了画线段图的方法指导上：让学生根据以往的知识基础，理清数量关系，讨论得出线段图的画法，明确一条线段表示一个数量，两条线段之间是有联系的，而这个联系可以从信息里得到；在对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">问号该标在哪儿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的讨论中，明确了问题不同，问号所在的位置就会不同，解决的方法就会不同。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">商榷意见：</SPAN></I></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第二种方法的理解对于学生来讲比较难，全班真正理解的只有薛龙一个小朋友。关键是学生不理解“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1+3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”表示的意思是什么。薛龙同学其实讲的很好，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">元</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">+3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">元是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">元，所以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">乘</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。对于其他同学，我个人觉得教师还应讲解的仔细一点，可利用黑板上的线段图来帮助学生理解为什么是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">元。指图：要求一套，就是用上衣</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">+</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">裤子，一条裤子是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">元，而一件上衣的价钱是裤子的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">倍，那么就是说上衣的单价是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">元（甚至可在图上每段上标一标，学生就比较好理解了），所以上衣</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">+</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">裤子就一共有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">元，所以用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">乘</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。包括求一件上衣比一条裤子贵多少元，也应这样帮助学生分析一下</SPAN>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[解决问题的策略——一一列举]]></title>
<link>/blog/user1/moli/archives/2008/3728.html</link>
<author>moli</author>
<pubDate>2008-10-15 19:48:43</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">教学目标：<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">、使学生经历用列举的策略解决简单实际问题的过程，能通过不遗漏、不重复的列举找出符合要求的所有答案。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">、使学生在对解决简单实际问题过程的反思和交流中，感受“一一列举”的特点和价值，进一步发展思维的条理性和有序性。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">、增强解决问题的策略意识，提高解决问题的实际能力。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">教学重点：</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">能对信息进行用“一一列举”的策略解决实际问题。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">教学难点</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">：能有条理的一一列举，发展思维的条理性和严密性<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">教学准备：</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">课件、小棒、表格<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">教学过程<SPAN lang=EN-US>:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一、创设情境<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>体验列举<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 15.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.46" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、感受情境，唤醒记忆</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 15.35pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-left: 1.46gd" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>(1)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用小数点和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最多可以组成几个不同的两位小数</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">?</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 15.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.46" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、门票引入：</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">师：星期天，小红去虞山公园登城墙。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">虞山公园登城墙门票每张</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">元，小红口袋里有两张</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">元，五张</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">元纸币。小红怎样付</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">元门票钱？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">师</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">根据信息，你能列举出几种付钱方法？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">生：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">张</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">元，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">张</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">元。（随机告诉学生可以把他们列举出来，列成表）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">面额</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 82.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 15.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=111>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">元</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 82.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 15.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=111>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">元</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 82.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 15.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=111>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">张数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 82.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 15.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=111>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">张</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 82.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 15.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=111>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">张</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 31.6pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 15.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.47" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、揭示课题：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">师：刚才<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>道题，我们都用了列举的方法，大家列举的很好，还按照一定顺序来列举，这样就不会重复，也不会遗漏了，那么列举是解决问题的一种很好的策略，今天我们就要用这种策略解决新的问题。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">板书课题：解决问题的策略——列举<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">二、自主探究，运用列举</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（一）创设情景，引出问题<SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">教学例<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">师：买完票，我们一起和小红走进公园：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">公园里工人师傅用<SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>根<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>米长的栅栏围成一个长方形花圃。有多少种不同的围法<SPAN lang=EN-US>?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">(1)<B> </B></SPAN><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">思考填写：</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">师：题目给我们提供了哪些信息？需要我们做什么事情？（指名回答）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>根<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>米长的栅栏围成的长方形，说明周长就是<SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>米） <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">师：有多少种不同的围法？大家可以利用小棒，每根小棒代替一根</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米长的栅栏，动手来围围看。（同桌合作摆小棒并写下来，教师巡视）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<TBODY>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 17.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 104.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=139>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">长方形的长<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN>米<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 225.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 17.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=301>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 104.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 18pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=139>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">长方形的宽<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN>米<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 225.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 18pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=301>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">（2）<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">汇报交流：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">师：到底有多少种呢？我们来看看有哪些围法。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">展示学生成果，得出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种。（指名无序的）</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">引导学生发现：不同的围法，但是长加宽的和都是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">出示有序列举</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）比较发现</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">师：比较两种列法，哪一种你觉得更好？为什么？（有顺序，有规律）<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">板书：有序的</B></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">师：刚才大家用围一围和算一算两种方法得到了答案。那如果我要求把</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">80</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根栅栏围成长方形，我们也采取用小棒围一围的方法吗？为什么？</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生：不行，因为比较麻烦。应该用算一算的方法。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">师：这道题要确定不同的围法关键就是要确定什么？（长与宽）</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">讨论：周长除以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">得到一条长与一条宽的和以后，怎样填写，才能做到不遗漏、不重复呢？</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（从最长长是几开始思考，或者从宽最小想起）</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">师追问：为什么从长</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米（或宽</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米）想起好？（按这样的顺序列，不会多，不会少）</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">师：下面我们再来回顾一下刚才的思考过程，看老师是怎样把思考过程记录下来的。（随着思路演示列举过程）我们可以在上面加上一些边框，成为表格。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">师：像刚才这样把事情发生的可能按一定的顺序，有条理地列举出来，这种策略就叫做一一列举。（板书完整：一</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">列举）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）反思列举方法</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">(1)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果你是工人师傅，让尽量在里面种些花草，你会选择哪种围法</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">? </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为什么？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因为第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种围法围成的长方形花圃最大</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可让学生口算面积，然后比较发现。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">(2) </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">什么时候面积最大？（周长一定时，长和宽越接近，面积就越大；长和宽差的越大，面积就越小）</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）练习：练习十一第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">题。（课件出示）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现在有两路公交车可以到公园，而客运站是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">路和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">路公共汽车的起始站。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">路车早上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分开始发车，以后每隔</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟发一辆车。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">路车早上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">40</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分开始发车，以后每隔</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟发一辆车。这两路车几时几分第二次同时发车？</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析题意，完成表格</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提问：几时几分第一次同时发车？几时几分第二次同时发车？</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（二）循序渐进，深入问题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">走进公园，里面有三个游戏项目：碰碰车、划小船和高空踩车。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教学例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果至少玩一种，最多玩三种，有多少种玩法呢？</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">师：你们打算用什么策略解决这个问题？列举时，打算分哪几种情况？</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分步出示表头和三类情况。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）列举时可以用老师提供的表格，在表格里打钩。例如：碰碰车“√”</SPAN></P>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto 36pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: 1.0pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: 1.0pt solid windowtext" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 54pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=72>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">项目</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt" vAlign=top width=108 colSpan=3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">只玩</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 73.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt" vAlign=top width=98 colSpan=3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">玩</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 54pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt" vAlign=top width=72>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">玩</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种</SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 54pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt" vAlign=top width=72>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">碰碰车</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt" vAlign=top width=36>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt" vAlign=top width=36>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt" vAlign=top width=36>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt" vAlign=top width=36>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 23.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt" vAlign=top width=31>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 23.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt" vAlign=top width=31>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 54pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt" vAlign=top width=72>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2">
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">划小船</SPAN></P></TD>
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</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[评"解决问题的策略--一一列举"]]></title>
<link>/blog/user1/xuhuan/archives/2008/3727.html</link>
<author>xuhuan</author>
<pubDate>2008-10-15 16:07:48</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=3></FONT></P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=3>本节课是一节成功的课，达的了预期的教学目标，学生学的轻松，教师教的轻松。能抓住教学重点进行教学，整个教学设计都能抓住用一一列举的方法解决问题这个中心来设计教学，思路清晰，从中看出教师重视学生学法的指导，让更多的学生能积极参与到学习活动中。课上得比较实在，没有什么特别花妙的地方。</FONT>
<P></P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=3>从整堂课来看，目标把握到位：引领学生经历“一一列举”策略解决实际问题的过程，在课上老师不是把解决某一具体问题作为这堂课的教学目标，而是让学生在解决问题的过程中形成对策略的体验，感受这一策略的特点、应用和价值，发展数学思维，层层递进，反复强调深化了“有序、不重复、不遗漏”，让学生在活动和思考中提高了策略运用的水平。</FONT>
<P></P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=3>在教学这课时，可能大部分老师会在例题完成之后再提出“列举”这个基本概念，但李老师直接在考考你这个环节后就抛出来，因为例1这样题型的题目在四年级上册解决问题的策略-列表中已经出现过。如果教师在例1这个环节做的不够到位的话，学生在后面的环节就有可能说到策略为“列表”，我们的课堂就没办法自然衔接，通过考考你这个环节，可以先让学生明白这节课的策略是一一列举，李老师这一教学环节设计足以看出教师对教材、对学生的一种到位解读。</FONT>
<P></P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=3>在“围成的长方形那种面积最大”环节，教材提出“你有什么发现？”由于问题范围广，学生思考方向就大，对于部分学生，可能一下子不容易看出来。在这里李老师设计了几个铺垫性的问题：“你会选择哪种”“为什么选择5*4这种方法”学生会想到面积大的种的东西就越多。然后再提出“什么情况下面积最大”，由此一级一级得出规律。符合学生思维发展规律。</FONT>
<P></P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=3>下面有一点自己的意见，例1题目大意为：18根1米长的栅栏来围长方形，有几种围法？从教材来看，存在借助操作小棒来理解“长+宽=9”和“有序”，但这环节似乎没多大意义，如果让学生根据周长18米去摆，难度是很大的，花的时间又很长，如果让学生求出长和宽的和是9米后再去摆小棒，就显得多此一举了，因为学生在前面的学习中已经有了这样的一些学习经验，他们完全可以根据和是9来确定长和宽了，个人觉得本环节的学生操作浪费了时间对下面的教学也没有多大的帮助。还有一点是例2的教学个人觉得完全可以用书上的例题，因为李老师出示的例2其实是和书本上的一样的，没有必要再去另外出题了。那样显得例2好象没教一样。</FONT>
<P></P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=3>&nbsp;</FONT>
<P></P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[愿]]></title>
<link>/blog/user1/z1984y112/archives/2008/3726.html</link>
<author>z1984y112</author>
<pubDate>2008-10-14 21:42:23</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT face="" size=4>&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT face="" size=4>&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT face="" size=4>&nbsp; </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;渊，一个长得很漂亮、很可爱的女生，总喜欢扎着长长的马尾辩，脸上时常带着微笑，作业由于马虎做错了，给她指出来，她总是一吐舌头，一声“哎呀”，然后腼腆地一笑，让老师见了就是发不起火来，是一个让人看了就很喜欢的小孩子。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;接班的时候，就听钱老师说她是二年级从塔前小学转过来的，父母好象离婚了。报名的时候，就见到了可爱的她，由妈妈陪同来的，妈妈还特意跟我打招呼，说女儿改了姓，希望能在小朋友面前说一下，以后叫她新名字，那个时候，我就知道，她的父母真的离婚了，可怜的小孩。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">今天放学，我照例从一班开始锁门，走到自己班教室门口，见她还在埋头做着作业，便问她：“渊，怎么还没回家，妈妈没来接你啊？”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“妈妈今天要加班，不来接我了，让我自己回家。”她一脸委屈地说。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“你家远吗？”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“远的，在五大队呢！那是我外婆的家，我和妈妈现在住外婆家。”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“那你爸爸呢？他现在对你好吗？”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“不好，他不要我了，不养我了。”说这话的时候，她还是顾作坚强的地笑着。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;看着她那尴尬的笑脸，我一时不知道如何去应她的话，我不想再和她继续这么沉重的话题，我随即就把话题扯开了，“你也一个人，朱老师也一个人，我们一起下楼吧。”搭着她的肩，我们象朋友一样边走边聊，在楼梯口分开时，我再三叮咛“注意安全，过马路要小心。”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">看着她离去的背影，小小的身躯背着沉重的书包，真是心疼。一个这么小的孩子，父母就离婚了，她内心的痛楚有谁知道，在她坚强的微笑背后藏着多少辛酸，愿她这朵坚强的小花能够勇敢面对生活，在今后的日子里怒放，怒放……</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"></FONT></SPAN></P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[相邻体积单位之间的进率换算练习]]></title>
<link>/blog/user1/xuhuan/archives/2008/3725.html</link>
<author>xuhuan</author>
<pubDate>2008-10-14 11:49:47</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>小学数学课时教学计划&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 总第19课时</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>课题：相邻体积单位之间的进率（2）&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 本单元第9课时</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>目的要求：1、能正确应用体积单位间的进率进行名数的变换，并解决一些简单的实际问题。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>2、进一步培养学生的分析问题解决问题的能力。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>3、激发学生的数学学习信心。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>重点：能熟练进行相邻体积单位的换算</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>难点：在解决与体积单位有关的实际问题时，能正确思考及换算。</FONT></P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>教学过程</FONT>
<P></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>一、复习</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>谈话：上节课我们认识了体积单位之间的进率，谁能说一说体积单位之间的进率是怎样的？它与面积单位、长度单位有什么不同？</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>这节课我们就继续运用这些知识来解决实际问题。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>二、巩固练习</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>1、做练习七的第5题。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp; 学生看图算出两堆木块的体积。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>引导学生思考：每堆木块的体积与它右边的容器的溶剂有什么关系？再来进行推算。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>2、做练习七的第6题。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>学生独立作业时，再三提醒学生认真审题。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>订正时，请学生说一说相邻两个面积单位之间的进率是多少．</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>3、做练习七的第7题。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>学生独立完成。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>交流是引导学生注意每一个计算结果的单位写得是否正确。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>4、做练习七的第8题。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>学生独立解答，集体订正。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>引导学生说说怎样想的？</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>5、做练习七的第9题。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>学生读题后，先集体进行分析，在引导学生独立解答，集体订正。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>6、做练习七的第10题。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>学生读题后，引导学生说说从里面量的数据和从外面量的数据分别有什么关系，然后再由学生独立解答，集体订正。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>三、全课小结</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>这节课我们学习了哪些内容？你觉得那些地方值得我们引起注意？引导学生进行总结。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>四、作业</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=4>测量自己家中一件长方体（或正方体）型的物体，算一算它的体积是多少立方米。</FONT></P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[所思所想]]></title>
<link>/blog/user1/chenting/archives/2008/3724.html</link>
<author>chenting</author>
<pubDate>2008-10-13 20:36:30</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT face=黑体 size=4>红领巾映红小脸</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp; 终于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">位小朋友带上红领巾成为少先队员了，早上入队仪式对这些孩子来说多么有意义，围在脖子上的红领巾在阳光照射下把孩子的脸都映红了，孩子对我说：“我太激动了。”我也为你们的激动而感动，多么纯洁可爱的孩子啊！而我今天也重新围上了告别将近</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年的红领巾，悄悄感叹岁月就这样在滑过！</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp; 对那些暂时没有加入的孩子实行了佳瑜说的补救方案，但是没有见到什么反映，会不会是我说的太深，他们没有听明白？会不会由于我上周的过失伤害已经造成，他们已没有了感觉？</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT face=黑体 size=4>让你做作业怎么这么难？</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp; 三年级的孩子难得有次作业可以全做齐，对于那些经常不做作业的孩子，我一忍再忍，总是想以鼓励为主，想用我的鼓励去感化他们，但是事实证明这样的办法是行不通的，那些几道题目都不肯做的人看来真的要用“高压政策”了。和一年级孩子呆久了总觉得三年级的孩子很大了，但仔细想想，他们也才</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁啊，功课压力确实大了点，虽然他们和一年级孩子一样都是初次接触英语，但是不可能象一年级那样零负担学习，天天练和考卷压在那，这就是负担，你们必须动笔！我和你们一起为着自己的首次努力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">~~</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=4>&nbsp;<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[音乐教师培训心得]]></title>
<link>/blog/user1/wuyi/archives/2008/3723.html</link>
<author>wuyi</author>
<pubDate>2008-10-13 9:45:58</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">音乐教师培训心得体会</SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">珍门小学吴益<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">临近学期结束的时候<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>很有幸参加了市教研室仲老师组织的音乐教师京剧与舞蹈的培训<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>由衷地感谢领导给我们搭建了这样一个学习、提高的平台<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>培训虽然只有短短的几天<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>但经过老师们精心的设计<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>我们在各方面都学到了不少的知识<SPAN lang=EN-US>.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">众所周知，京剧是国粹，是一种堪称完美的艺术形式，是我国传统文化中的瑰宝<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #2b2b2b">教育部提出要在中小学音乐课程中添加京剧内容<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>这对于我们在音乐教学第一线的老师无疑是一种挑战 <SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>就我本人而言，我非常欣赏京剧这门艺术，但是，对于京剧，我也就仅仅停留在欣赏的阶段。因为，京剧的许多唱词中夹杂着方言，如果不看电视字幕的话，我根本就听不懂<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>所以参加这次培训是迫在眉睫<SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN></SPAN>在这次培训期间，戏剧团的老师根据要求重点给我们讲解了京剧<SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">京剧是戏曲中的典型代表，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">它形成于北京，已有<SPAN lang=EN-US>200</SPAN>年历史。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">京剧是综合性表演艺术。即唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武打）、舞</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">舞蹈</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">为一体、通过程式的表演手段叙演故事，刻划人物，表达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐、悲</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">的思想感情。角色可分为：生（男人）、旦（女人）、净（男人）、丑（男、女人皆有）四大行当。人物有忠奸之分、美丑之分、善恶之分。各个形象鲜明、栩栩如生。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">培训中，罗老师不仅介绍了京剧艺术的历史<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>同时还从咬字吐字、过门拖腔到唱腔要领、音程装饰等一一讲解，使我们对京剧艺术的表演有了更深的认识。罗老师还亲自带领我们一遍又一遍的演唱<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>在老师的带领下<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>我们大家似乎也找到了点感觉<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>看着大家的认真样<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>似乎又回到了学生时代<SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN>同时罗老师还根据学员特点活学活用、现学现演<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>如在学习现代京剧《沙家浜》选段《智斗》时现场邀请学员扮演其中不同的角色，练习不同的唱腔、唱段。给我们留下了非常深刻的印象，同时也活跃了课堂气氛。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">除了京剧我们还学习了一些少数民族的舞蹈<SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN>蒙古舞、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">新疆舞、朝鲜舞，花灯舞，在优美的音乐声中，我们随着音乐的节拍抖起了肩，扭起了腰，舞起了扇子，我们大家都深深的陶醉在这样的气氛中。有的老师鞋子跳断了，赤着脚继续跳；有的老师跳的脚起泡了，绷好绷带继续跳，没有怨言，没有唠叨，只有汗水，因为大家都被这些舞蹈所吸引，同时大家都非常珍惜这样的训练机会。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">熊老师的拉丁舞把这次培训推向了高潮，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">拉丁舞又称拉丁风情舞或自由社交舞。拉丁舞的五项舞蹈各有风格，桑巴的激情，恰恰的活泼，伦巴的婀娜，斗牛的强劲，牛仔的逗趣，在好早的时候我就很向往跳拉丁舞蹈，没有想到这次真的有机会接触这个舞蹈，熊老师针对我们学员的实际情况教我们编排了一套校园拉丁韵律操。欢快的音乐、花样的动作使整个过程都充满了热情。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">以上就是我五天来学习的心得，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在这次培训中我对京剧与舞蹈以及其他的很多方面都有很许多新的感悟，获取了许多的经验。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">再次感谢培训的各位老师不辞劳苦，悉心教导。再次感谢校领导，局领导给我这次学习的机会，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">希望以后有更多这样的机会来学习。也希望通过这样的学习，通过我们的努力，常熟的音乐教育能够有更好的发展。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[摸索中前进]]></title>
<link>/blog/user1/jiayu/archives/2008/3722.html</link>
<author>jiayu</author>
<pubDate>2008-10-12 20:17:48</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P><FONT size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 不得不承认，初任班主任，好多事情都在摸索中进行。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=4><STRONG>我班病假很多：</STRONG></FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 刚开学一个多月，我班的病假人数达到了8人，真是不可思议。话说每个班都有特点：1班的有个小朋友几乎哭了一个月，每天上学来都哭；2班的小朋友怎么也不哭的，拼音读不出不哭，数学做不出也不哭<IMG src="http://zmxx.com/blog/images/emot/face16.gif">；我们班的小朋友就是病假多，拼音数学念不出的时候也会哭，毕竟只是7岁的小孩子麽。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 班上的鋆炜病假一个星期了，说起来有半个月没见到他了，班上就像少了什么似的，还有点不习惯呢。下个星期终于要来了，顾老师和我，还有其他小朋友都盼着你回来呢。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=4><STRONG>红领巾事件：</STRONG></FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 上个周五的班会课上，和学生练习了下入队的宣誓词。当时我让所有的学生都练习的，然后请这次入队的学生站成一排。当时我没有说其他学生因为表现不好这次没能加入少先队，我观察到当时学生的表情，后来看了陈老师的博客，我们班似乎没他们班失落，但是我能肯定他们一定也知道其中的情况。所以在晚上，我和陈老师互相交流了很久，决定周一去补救，不知道来不来得及，不过总比不补救好吧。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=4><STRONG>糖、油画棒事件：</STRONG></FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 照例下课在班上转悠，一个学生告诉我说宁宁带了糖来吃，我随口说了句：“下次不要带来了，知道吗？”宁宁也答应了。估计后来宁宁又在吃了，学生来告诉我和顾老师，顾老师来到宁宁跟前，要宁宁交出所有的糖纸，并且扔了，告诫她下次不准再带来了。我在一旁看着，觉得自己的做法欠妥当了，下次努力。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 这时，学生又来告诉说晓梅偷了柏芝的油画棒，后来还了。刚好顾老师也在，顾老师帮我解决了。在一旁看着的我，获得了真不少。对于班上的一些不正的风气，应该及时并且强烈地遏制，以免扩大影响范围。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 教育的首要任务就是德育，千教万教教人求真，千学万学学做真人！</FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=4></FONT>&nbsp;</P>]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[也许，你会看到……——《九寨沟》练笔]]></title>
<link>/blog/user1/danran/archives/2008/3721.html</link>
<author>danran</author>
<pubDate>2008-10-12 18:41:37</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《九寨沟》是一篇介绍旅游胜地的文章，学生深深被美丽的景，可爱的异兽珍禽所吸引。对于孩子来讲，他们最喜欢的无疑就是那些动物了。文章第四自然段，作者用生动活泼的文字向我们介绍了九寨沟的动物：金丝猴，体态粗壮；熊猫，憨态可掬；羚羊，善于奔跑；小熊猫，行动敏捷。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“九寨沟还有哪些动物呢？它们有哪些特点呢？”看到学生读完之后蠢蠢欲说的样子，我马上提出这样的问题。<SPAN class=oblogtext>学生开始畅所欲言，我将不可能出现在九寨沟的动物点出来，由此话题又扩展到其他地域的动物了。</SPAN>接着我又抛给大家一个任务：试着模仿作者描写这一自然段的方法来把你能想象到的还能见到的动物，并且结合动物的特点把它们写生动了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN class=oblogtext><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以下是学生优秀练笔：</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=oblogtext><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">马宇航</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">注意，这时你已经走到动物们经常出没的地方。也许，你的面前会出现一头美丽的梅花鹿，走到小溪边饮水，它戴着一对巨大的角，时时保持着警惕。也许，在不远处，正有一条粗大的蟒蛇，张开那血盆大口，准备捕食前面的老鼠。也许，你的运气好，会见到一直系少的老虎，它慵懒得躺在草地上，看来是刚刚饱餐一顿，正张大嘴巴打着哈欠，那尖尖的牙齿让人毛骨悚然！ <B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">王雨婷<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">注意，这时你已经走到动物们经常出没的地方。也许，你在一条清澈见底的小溪旁见到一群羽毛雪白，头顶有红宝石的丹顶鹤。它们有的在对着水面照镜子，有的昂首欣赏风景，有的展翅飞翔！也许，你还能看到一匹白色的骏马，悠闲地吃着鲜草，另一匹黑马呢，则撒开四蹄，不知疲倦地在草地间穿梭！也许，你还有幸看到几只梅花鹿，梅花鹿妈妈带着孩子在林间散步，多么惬意的画面呀！<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">张秋恒<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">注意，这时你已经走到动物们经常出没的地方。也许，你能非常幸运的看家一只凶猛的老虎，它的牙齿锋利无比，像一把把匕首，让人望而生畏。也许，会看见一群群高贵的丹顶鹤，有的在梳理羽毛，有的在休闲地饮水，有的在自由自在的飞翔，它们头顶都像戴了一顶帽子。也许，你还会见到憨态可掬的大熊猫，它正躺在竹林里睡大觉呢，你看，手里还拿着几根鲜嫩的竹子呢，想必是吃着吃着就开始做美梦了！<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">林意婷<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">注意，这时你已经走到动物们经常出没的地方。也许，就在不远处，有一只美丽的丹顶鹤，对着清澈的湖水，欣赏着自己独特的舞蹈。也许，会有一只凶猛的老虎，追赶着一只小鹿突然从你对面的树林间窜过，向你展示它狩猎的英勇姿态。也许，你的运气好，还会在前方看到一只美艳动人的孔雀王子，正展示它那五彩缤纷的大尾巴！</SPAN>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[尿尿了]]></title>
<link>/blog/user1/willa1314/archives/2008/3720.html</link>
<author>willa1314</author>
<pubDate>2008-10-11 21:02:32</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P><FONT size=4>“意外每天都会发生”，这句话说的真不错，一年级英语课堂就更别说了。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=4>教到单词“pencil box”中的 “box”,我想让学生印象深刻点，就跟小朋友们解释说，box中的/b﹚/就好比土话当中的“抱”，说着就拉起身边的一个小朋友要演示一下。她是老师、同学眼中的聪明可爱小公主，我最喜欢她了，今天借故抱她一下，哈哈。可她对我的抱好像并不领情，赖着不肯站起来，嘴巴里还轻轻地说“啊呀呀，啊呀呀！”。可她的力气哪有我大呀，我一把就把她抱了起来。奇怪，怎么感觉她的屁股湿湿的？我低下头一看，啊呀，原来是小便留不住，尿裤子里了。幸好其他小朋友没看见。看着她坐下后通红的小脸蛋，我很内疚地摸摸她的头，早知道这样，就不要抱她了。还好，她的上衣比较长，基本上能遮住小屁股，下课后，我没有问她什么，只是远远看看她，真是好样的，一点也没让其他人发现——已经在和其他小朋友跳来跳去了！</FONT></P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[十二生肖在英语中的喻义]]></title>
<link>/blog/user1/chenting/archives/2008/3719.html</link>
<author>chenting</author>
<pubDate>2008-10-11 16:22:44</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">生肖”是代替十二地支、用来表示人们出生的<SPAN lang=EN-US>12种动物，即鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪。如寅年出生的人属虎，卯年出生的人属兔。“生肖”也就是俗话说的“属相”，是中国人特有的一种表示出生时间的方式，相当于西方的黄道十二星座（双鱼座、白羊座、金牛座、双子座、巨蟹座、狮子座、室女座、天秤座、天蝎座、人马座、摩羯麻、宝瓶座）。<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">英语中，当谈个人出生的属相时，表达为“<SPAN lang=EN-US>What animal sign were you born under ?你属什么？I was born in the year of the Cock / Mine is the Coak.我属鸡。”十二生肖的12种动物在汉语中只有一个：鼠：Rat，牛：Ox，虎：Tiger，兔：Hare，龙：Dragon，蛇：Snake，马：Horse，羊：Sheep，猴：Monkey，鸡：Cock，狗：Dog，猪：Boar。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">汉语中，人们往往以十二生肖中的动物来比喻人，即把不同（性格、特征、习性等）的人比作动物，如常以“毒如蛇蝎”，“笨猪”、“胆小如鼠”来比喻心毒手辣的人、笨人、胆小怯懦的人等。英语中同样可用十二生肖中的动物喻人，其所表达的意思更加广泛而有趣。现简述如下：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一<SPAN lang=EN-US>. 鼠——Rat<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">英语中用以比喻讨厌鬼，可耻的人，告密者，密探，破坏罢工的人；美国俚语指新学生、下流女人。当看到<SPAN lang=EN-US>smell a rat这一词组时，是指人们怀疑在做错某事。a rat race则表示激烈的竞争。rats desert a sinking ship（船沉鼠先逃，这一谚语意指那些一遇到危险就争先寻求安全或一看见困难便躲得老远的人。）<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">二<SPAN lang=EN-US>. 牛——Ox<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">涉及“牛”的汉语成语很多，如“对牛弹琴”、“牛蹄之涔”等。英语中涉及“<SPAN lang=EN-US>Ox”的表达方式则不多。用Ox － eyed形容眼睛大的人；用短语The black Ox has trod on sb’s foot表示灾祸已降临到某人头上。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">三<SPAN lang=EN-US>. 虎——Tiger<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">指凶恶的人，虎狼之徒；英国人指穿制服的马夫；口语中常指比赛的劲敌。中国和东南亚国家常以<SPAN lang=EN-US>Paper tiger比喻貌似强大而实质虚弱的敌人。词组ride the tiger表示以非常不确定或危险的方式生活。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">四<SPAN lang=EN-US>. 兔——Hare<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在英国俚语中，<SPAN lang=EN-US>hare指坐车不买票的人。与hare组成的词组有：make a hare of sb.愚弄某人。start a hare。在讨论中提出枝节问题。例如：You start a hare ever time at the meeting.每次讨论你都提出与题无关的问题。英语中有许多关于兔的谚语，如：<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1. First catch your hare.勿谋之过早（意指：不要过于乐观）。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2. You cannot run with the hare and hunt with hounde.不<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">能两面讨好（意指：不要耍两面派）。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">五<SPAN lang=EN-US>. 龙——Dragon<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">龙在中国人民的心目中占有崇高的位置，有关龙的成语非常多，且含有褒义。如“龙跃凤鸣”、“龙骧虎步”等。在外国语言中，赞扬龙的词语非常之少，且含有贬义。如“<SPAN lang=EN-US>dragon”指凶暴的人，严厉的人，凶恶严格的监护人，凶恶的老妇人（尤指很少给在其看管下姑娘自由的老妇人）等。以dragon组成的词组也多含贬义。如dragon’s teeth ：相互争斗的根源；排列或多层的楔形反坦克混克混凝土障碍物。the old Dragon：魔鬼。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">六<SPAN lang=EN-US>. 蛇——Snake<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">指冷酷阴险的人，虚伪的人，卑鄙的人；美国俚语指追求和欺骗少女的男子或男阿飞。由此看到，在英语中，“<SPAN lang=EN-US>snake”往往含有贬义。如：John’s behavior should him to be a snake.约翰的行为表明他是一个冷酷阴险的人。与snake组成的成语习语、谚语有许多，简举几例：a snake in the grass.潜伏的敌人或危险。to warm a snake in one’s bosom.养虎贻患，姑息坏人。Take heed of the snake in the grass.草里防蛇。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">七<SPAN lang=EN-US>. 马——Horse<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">英美国家的人很喜欢马，因此，用“<SPAN lang=EN-US>horse”这个词组成的词组、成语、谚语非常之多，此举几例：1. get on the high horse.摆架子，目空一切。2. work like a horse.辛苦的干活。3. horse doctor.兽医、庸医。4. dark horse.竞争中出人意料的获胜者。如：The voters were surprised when the dark horse won <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">the nomination.那个无名小卒在竞争中获胜时，投票者无不大吃一惊。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">八<SPAN lang=EN-US>. 羊——Sheep<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">英语中指害羞而忸怩的人，胆小鬼，驯服的人。有关<SPAN lang=EN-US>sheep的谚语不少。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1. As well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb.偷羊偷羔都是绞（死）；偷大偷小统是贼（意指：一不做，二不休）。2. There’s a black sheep in every flock.每一羊群里都会有一只黑羊，丑儿子家家有（意指：每个家里都会有个败家子。）3. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘心做绵羊，早晚喂豹狼（人弱受人欺）。4. The sheep who tallks peace with a wolf will soon be mutton.羊向狼乞求和平，很快就会变成羊肉（意指，切勿向敌人乞求和平）。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">九<SPAN lang=EN-US>. 猴——Monkey<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">monkey作名词时指顽童、淘气鬼，猴子似的人，易受欺的人。如：What are you doing, you young monkey !你在干什么呀，小捣蛋鬼！monkey作动词时指胡闹、瞎弄、捣蛋。如：Stop monkeying about with the TV set !不要瞎弄电视机！<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">与<SPAN lang=EN-US>monkey一词搭配的词组、习语和俚语很多非常有趣。如：put sb’s monkey up.使某人生气，激怒某人；Your last word has really put his monkey up.你最后一句话实在使他大为生气；又如：make a monkey of愚弄；a monkey with a long tail.抵押；get the monkey off.戒除吸毒恶习；have a monkey on one’s back.毒瘾很深。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">十<SPAN lang=EN-US>. 鸡——Cock<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">指首领，头目，神气十足的人，与<SPAN lang=EN-US>cock组成的词组多姿多彩，如：Cock of the walk / school.支配别人的人；a cock of the loft / dunghill.在小天地中称王称霸的人；Live like fighting cocke.生活很好，尤指吃得好；Cock - and - bull story.荒诞的故事，无稽之谈。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">用<SPAN lang=EN-US>cock表达的谚语：It is a sad house where the hen crows louder than the cock.牝鸡司晨，家之不祥（意指：丈夫软弱而一切由妻子作主的家庭是不会幸福的，当然这是一种夫权思想）。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">十一<SPAN lang=EN-US>. 狗——Dog<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">汉语中常用“狗”比喻人，如“忠实走狗”、“看家狗”，成语“狗苟蝇营”、“狗彘不若”等。在英语中除了喻人外，还有丰富多彩的词组、谚语等。<SPAN lang=EN-US>dog作名词时指无赖汉，坏蛋、废物，不受喜爱（或欢迎）的人。有时加形容词修饰可指各种人，如：You dirty dog !你这个坏小子！a lucky dog.幸运儿；a dumb dog.沉默不语的人，a sly dog.暗中寻欢的人和暗地里偷鸡摸狗的人；a dog in the <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">manger.占着茅坑不拉屎的人<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">用<SPAN lang=EN-US>dog表达的谚语：<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1. Barking dogs seldom bite.吠犬不咬人（意指：对于高声发<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">出恐吓，或惯于大声吼叫的人，勿须当真）。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2. Every dog has his day.凡人皆有得意日（意指：大家都有走<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">运的一天）。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3. Dog does not eat dog.同类不相残；同室不操戈。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">十二<SPAN lang=EN-US>. 猪——Boar<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在英语中<SPAN lang=EN-US>boar一词指未阉割的公猪和公野猪，涉及猪的词语有pig（猪、小猪、野猪），hog（食用猪）、sow（牝猪），swine（猪：旧用法）。十二生肖用boar，比喻贪婪、肮脏、自私的人.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
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